Swarms of robots that use electromagnetic forces to cling together and assume different shapes are being developed by US researchers. The grand goal is to create swarms of microscopic robots capable of morphing into virtually any form by clinging together. Seth Goldstein, who leads the research project at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, in the US, admits this is still a distant prospect. However, his team is using simulations to develop control strategies for futuristic shape-shifting, or "claytronic", robots, which they are testing on small groups of more primitive, pocket-sized machines. These prototype robots use electromagnetic forces to manoeuvre themselves, communicate, and even share power.
One set of claytronic prototypes were cylindrical, wheeled robots with a ring of electromagnets around their edge, which they used to grab hold of one another. By switching these electromagnets on and off, the so-called "claytronic atoms" or "catoms" could securely attach and roll around each other (see video, top right). The robot's wheels were not powered, so they had to rely entirely on their magnets to manoeuvre themselves around. "These were the first mobile robots without any moving parts," says Goldstein.
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One set of claytronic prototypes were cylindrical, wheeled robots with a ring of electromagnets around their edge, which they used to grab hold of one another. By switching these electromagnets on and off, the so-called "claytronic atoms" or "catoms" could securely attach and roll around each other (see video, top right). The robot's wheels were not powered, so they had to rely entirely on their magnets to manoeuvre themselves around. "These were the first mobile robots without any moving parts," says Goldstein.
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